不粘人的小妖精 发表于 2017-7-27 16:31:03

寻乌水中城堡,你不知道的故事

<p><br></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88660" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; border: 0px none;"><section class="" style="margin: 10px auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-width="100%" style="margin-bottom: -11px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 670px; transform: rotate(0deg);"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 11px; height: 11px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-color: rgb(195, 2, 25); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; float: left; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 5px; height: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 2, 25); float: left;"></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 11px; height: 11px; float: right; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(195, 2, 25); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 5px; height: 5px; float: right; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 2, 25);"></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></section></section><section data-width="100%" style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 670px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 2, 25);"><p style="padding: 5px 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;">说起赣南特有的客家围屋,人们首先想到的便是那错综复杂的深宅大院。由于客家围屋的住户都是以宗族为单位,所以围屋一般占地面积都较大,里面包括了祠堂、客厅、卧室、厨房等。</p><p style="padding: 5px 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;">古时的赣南是一片较为荒凉的地带,居住在这里的人常常会遭受强盗的侵扰。为了抵御外敌对宗族同胞的伤害,一种带有极强防御性质的客家围屋“诞生”了。</p><p style="padding: 5px 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;">就一般的客家围屋而言,为了凸显其防御性,常常会在大门旁边建造一座较高的角楼,用于侦察敌情。但在寻乌县晨光镇司城村中,有一处客家围屋与众不同,为了防御外敌侵扰,围屋边建造了两座碉楼,十分壮观。</p></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: -11px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 670px;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 11px; height: 11px; float: left; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(195, 2, 25); border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="margin-top: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 5px; height: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 2, 25);"></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 11px; height: 11px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(195, 2, 25); border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; float: right; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="margin-top: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 5px; height: 5px; float: right; border: 1px solid rgb(195, 2, 25);"></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both;"></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: center; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;">水中城堡</p><center style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="89826" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section data-id="us499519" class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none;"><section style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%; width: 650px; height: auto; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(201, 243, 250);"><section style="padding: 20px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url(http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fgnkxfGnnkR81iaOnJJia1zFc2NdhJfk3tK2UT5vOxaqvWicNEgXWncuRtyMUI49ZA8CuYmOzRs7hGJic1cYdxVy1A/0.png); background-position: 100% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 610px; height: auto; border: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 200px;"><section style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%; width: 580px; color: rgb(74, 32, 43); font-weight: bold; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">始建于清代嘉庆年间历时近三十年完工</strong></span></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: 10px; max-width: 100%; width: 580px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(74, 32, 43); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">晨光古村坐落在寻乌县南部,由于地理位置较为偏僻,所以现今知晓的人并不多。古村中留存着几处明清时期的古建筑,其中以一座围屋最为有名,当地人称其为“新屋下碉楼围陇屋”。这座围屋是古村内最庞大的建筑,位于古村的中心地带。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">远远望去,这座围屋犹如一座神秘的寨堡,非常威武。走进围屋,记者注意到,古老的门楼与一座三层高的土砖碉堡相连。从门外向里看,宽敞的院落、厚实的围墙,在其尽头还矗立着一座更为高大的碉堡。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">记者从寻乌县旅游局了解到,这座围屋因坐落于司城村新屋下村民小组,又带有碉堡,因此被当地人称为“新屋下碉楼围陇屋”,但它还有一个“学名”,叫“司城围屋碉楼”。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这座围屋整体占地面积约40亩,建筑面积达20多亩。由于年代久远,加之外力因素,其外观显得有些破败。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">当地村民刘绍赟告诉记者,这座围屋始建于清嘉庆元年(公元1796年),因工艺复杂,设计考究,历时约30年才完全建成。&nbsp;</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; width: 670px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></center><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="90235" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-style: solid; -webkit-border-image: url(http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/v4vz52CcB11VLnibILZibjWVMYfS6cZBapY5Q0u30HYPQbMEcsGwUBmxkYiazVWuD9YzibZJkSdEO0wncx9ZRMYW7Q/0) 65 50 fill; border-width: 30px 25px;"><section class="" data-width="100%" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 610px; vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 30px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">主体建筑分三层被两座碉楼“护卫”</strong></span> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如此雄伟的建筑,其主人是谁呢?据寻乌县客家文化研究会会员刘传启介绍,这座围屋的建造者名为刘起勋,是当地历史上一位富商。他最初是做牛生意的,后来慢慢积累了财富,便转投木材生意,由此发家致富。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  建造围屋的缘由便是当时动荡的局势。因有许多贼人常常骚扰,为了保护家人,刘起勋便在村中水金河边选了一处宽阔的区域来建造带有战略防御功能的围屋。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  寻乌县旅游局提供的资料显示,这座围屋坐北朝南,房间总数为169间,其中中厅、侧厅、廊角厅等共计7间。围屋的主体建筑分3层,最里层是厅厢组合外加两排横屋的陇围;中间一层龙衣围是内围;外围弧长220余米,共有厢房67间、厅3间、火角(瞭望台)2间、碉楼2座。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  从高处看这座围屋,陇围、内围和外围的屋脊合起来像一只巨大的龟背,其中外围的中部偏高,如隆起的山峰向两边弧端逐级俯卧。在弧的两端高耸着两座碉楼,与寨子门楼相连的碉楼高16米,称上炮楼;另一座碉楼共有7层,因顶部倒塌,现有高度约28米,称下炮楼。&nbsp;</span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="90239" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-style: solid; -webkit-border-image: url(http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/v4vz52CcB10KbkteOS86Z3TAeT1ZBvba1W42eWLLuwjwSdUPrujxey0CZqapicV9yRRbIrqgsMrLyL6NNhQ9DGw/0) 100 20 20 fill stretch; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-width: 60px 10px 10px; background-color: rgb(45, 192, 90);"><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: -56px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 650px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">为刘氏后代住所具备战略防御功能</strong></p></section><section class="" data-width="100%" style="margin-top: 8px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 650px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">虽然刘起勋花了近30年才将这座围屋建成,但他本人并没有长期在此居住过。刘绍赟告诉记者,刘起勋长期住在司城村上塅的枫山里围屋中,他的儿子才住在这座围屋中。每当有外敌来袭,刘起勋便会携带着家眷搬入这座围屋。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  据了解,整座围屋的设计具备战略防御功能,为了更好地说明这一点,民间还流传着一则故事为其“佐证”。据说清嘉庆年间,从广东来的“红毛鬼”强盗一路洗劫村寨,司城村邻近三个村庄的百姓闻讯后,携家带眷,捡了贵重财物住进了这座围屋。“红毛鬼”强盗来到此地,在围屋外攻打了半天仍然不得入内,只好主动撤离。就这样,围屋里的人不废一枪一弹,就逼退了强盗。</span>&nbsp;</p></section></section></section></section><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="90239" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-style: solid; -webkit-border-image: url(http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/v4vz52CcB10KbkteOS86Z3TAeT1ZBvba1W42eWLLuwjwSdUPrujxey0CZqapicV9yRRbIrqgsMrLyL6NNhQ9DGw/0) 100 20 20 fill stretch; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-width: 60px 10px 10px; background-color: rgb(45, 192, 90);"><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: -56px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 650px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">墙体异常坚固内置夹层墙</strong></p></section><section class="" data-width="100%" style="margin-top: 8px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 650px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">其实,许多客家围屋都具有防御外敌的功能,其防御性通常体现在外墙和大门上。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  很多围屋都会采用特殊的材料建造外墙,在距离司城村不远的沁园新村中,有一处碉楼的外墙采用了一种名为“糖灰”的材料。“糖灰”具有很强的粘性和韧性,它能将石头等建筑材料牢牢粘合在一起。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  司城村这座围屋的防御作用也体现在其外墙上。记者了解到,这座围屋外墙的墙体有3米多厚,并且是夹层墙。所谓夹层墙,指的是在0.9米厚的条石墙与1米厚的土砖墙内夹一层1米多厚的河砂。这种墙的特殊之处在于,如果有人在外墙上凿洞,夹层内的河砂可以迅速填堵住洞口,且每间房的外墙上下层都有2~3个外窄内宽的射击眼。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  除了防御功能强大之外,整座围屋还具有防火防盗的功能。围屋的外墙都建成风火墙的样式,没有屋檐,不露一点木料,能有效抵御火攻。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  更为牢固的是围屋的屋顶,铺满了瓦桁,紧密到没有缝隙,上面再钉椽子和瓦。即使盗贼带上斧子、锯子等工具,也难以攻入室内。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="90239" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; border: 0px none;"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-style: solid; -webkit-border-image: url(http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/v4vz52CcB10KbkteOS86Z3TAeT1ZBvba1W42eWLLuwjwSdUPrujxey0CZqapicV9yRRbIrqgsMrLyL6NNhQ9DGw/0) 100 20 20 fill stretch; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-width: 60px 10px 10px; background-color: rgb(45, 192, 90);"><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: -56px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 650px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong class="" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">碉楼下建有池塘与围屋合成“满月”</strong></p></section><section class="" data-width="100%" style="margin-top: 8px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 650px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">客家人建造房屋,往往还讲究意境美。在许多围屋的大门前,都会建有一个半月形池塘,兼具蓄水、养鱼、防火、防旱、观赏等多重作用。这座围屋也不例外,在其厚实的围墙外便是一口半月形池塘,与围屋合成“满月”。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  对于池塘与围屋合成“满月”状,在当地是有说法的。如果把围屋比作一张弓,那么“弓”的弦则是那道高达2米,连接上、下炮楼的围墙,半圆形池塘就在围墙下,风水师称这口池塘为“月形池”。月形池又像一张反弓,弓弦两端的炮楼紧紧守护着这口2米多深的池塘。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  据了解,这口月形池的水是流动的,源头来自水金河的一条水渠。月形池的水经过一座石板桥流向下方的“日形池”,下炮楼正好位于中央,即下炮楼四面环水,颇似篆文的“日”字。</span></p><p><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><p style="border: 0px none;"><br></p><p style="border: 0px none; 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